University of Chicago |
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5801 South Ellis Ave
Chicago
IL 60637
USA
[t] +1 773 702 1234
[f] +1 773 702 8324
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The University of Chicago was founded in 1890 by the American Baptist Education Society and oil magnate John D. Rockefeller. The land for the new university, in the recently annexed suburb of Hyde Park, was donated by Marshall Field, owner of the Chicago department store that bears his name.In 1929, Robert Hutchins became the University's fifth president. During his tenure, Hutchins established many of the undergraduate curricular innovations that the University is known for today. These included a curriculum dedicated specifically to interdisciplinary education, comprehensive examinations instead of course grades, courses focused on the study of original documents and classic works, and an emphasis on discussion, rather than lectures. During the late 1950s and early 1960s, the University began to add modern buildings to the formerly all-Gothic campus. |
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Paleontologist Paul Sereno has uncovered the remains of a giant prehistoric crocodile from the African Sahara that dwarfs its modern counterparts. The animal, called Sarcosuchus imperator (“flesh crocodile emperor”), grew to a length of 40 feet and weighed eight tons, twice as much as an elephant. Modern crocodiles rarely exceed 14 feet and weigh no more than half a ton. |
13 August 2007 |
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Susan Goldin-Meadow and her colleagues have discovered that gesturing while speaking aids a speaker’s memory when explaining information that was previously learned. |
13 August 2007 |
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A major study by University researchers who videotaped street activity on thousands of blocks throughout Chicago shows there is a much smaller connection than commonly believed between a neighborhood’s appearance and its crime rate. |
13 August 2007 |
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University researchers have found for the first time that airborne “chemosignals,” substances undetectable as odors, have a measurable impact on brain metabolism, according. |
12 August 2007 |
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Exposure before birth to methamphetamine, the world’s second most widely used illicit drug, according to the World Health Organization, renders males, even as adults, much more susceptible to the drug’s brain-damaging effects, reveal University researchers in a study performed on mice. |
12 August 2007 |
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A new study by researchers in the University Medical Center gives patients and physicians specific recommendations for discontinuing the use of herbal medications prior to surgery. In the Journal of the American Medical Association, the three physicians assess the interactions between herbs, anesthesia and surgery and suggest ways to reduce the associated risks. |
12 August 2007 |
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Once every 11 years, the sun’s magnetic field flips over, causing a great deal of commotion; large solar flares send great geysers of hot gas and huge quantities of charged particles erupting from the surface and streaming into space during a period called “solar maximum.” |
12 August 2007 |
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Elizabeth Grove, Assistant Professor in Neurobiology, Pharmacology & Physiology, and Tomomi Fukuchi-Shimogori, a postdoctoral fellow, have discovered a molecular mechanism associated with brain development. |
12 August 2007 |
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A team of researchers at the University, the University of Michigan and others has identified the first genetic abnormality that increases susceptibility to Crohn’s disease. |
11 August 2007 |
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In a report in The New England Journal of Medicine, an international team of researchers from Chicago, the University of Bergen, Norway, and the San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Italy, describes two cases of neonatal diabetes resulting from a complete deficiency of glucokinase, an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the regulation of blood-sugar levels. |
11 August 2007 |
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This image of a portion of the Small Magellanic Cloud was taken by the Hubble Space Telescope. Welty and his colleagues used the HST imaging spectrograph to probe the space between the stars of the Small Magellanic Cloud. |
11 August 2007 |
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The leading theory regarding the origin of the universe has just passed another major test, one posed by University astronomers and their colleagues working at a National Science Foundation observatory at the South Pole. |
10 August 2007 |
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Sidney Nagel, the Stein-Freiler Distinguished Service Professor in Physics, and Milan Mrksich, Associate Professor in Chemistry, have completed the first major step in developing a coating to protect islets from the immune system. They have developed one of the world’s smallest shrink-wrap systems, one that may eventually be used for cell transplantation in patients suffering from diabetes millitus. |
10 August 2007 |
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Dario Maestripieri, Assistant Professor in the Committee on Human Development and the Committee on Evolutionary Biology, has studied the behaviors of nonhuman primates in his research. His most recent study found that these primates bond with their offspring and demonstrate a strong motivation to look after their young. |
10 August 2007 |
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Researchers from the University, Columbia University and Baylor University have separately identified genetic abnormalities in mice that are responsible for the multiple malformations associated with a human disorder called DiGeorge syndrome, which is the second most common genetic cause of heart defects. |
09 August 2007 |
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Students beginning school in small classes continue to benefit many years later and outscore other students in high school mathematics, according to new research co-authored by scholars at the University. |
09 August 2007 |
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Scientists are deducing the internal circuitry of the visual brain by mathematically reproducing the geometric hallucinations people see when they ingest mind-altering drugs, view bright, flickering lights or encounter near-death experiences. |
09 August 2007 |
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University researchers show in a study, that the language environment children experience greatly influences their individual differences in syntax acquisition. This finding challenges a long-standing contention that syntax, the organization of words into sentences, develops uniformly and naturally because of inborn characteristics. |
08 August 2007 |
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Physicians who concentrate on hospital care produce better results than the general internists who have traditionally managed hospital stays, a study by University researchers showed. |
08 August 2007 |
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The proposed Rare Isotope Accelerator at Argonne National Laboratory will provide nuclear physicists with an unprecedented variety of beams of short-lived radioactive elements, many at intensities more than 100,000 times those currently available. These beams also will produce high heat levels. |
08 August 2007 |
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When University physicist Sean Carroll began planning a schedule of speakers for the COSMO-02 workshop that assembled 275 cosmologists in Chicago last month, John Carlstrom, the S. Chandrasekhar Professor in Astronomy & Astrophysics and the College, was not on the program. But Carroll gratefully made last-minute arrangements that would allow Carlstrom to announce his team’s latest experimental results from the Degree Angular Scale Interferometer. |
07 August 2007 |
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Earlier this month, Edward Laumann, the George Herbert Meade Distinguished Service Professor in Sociology, presented his latest research results on the differences between men and women in age-related sexual dysfunction at a conference of the International Society for the Study of Women’s Sexual Health. |
07 August 2007 |
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On any given day, there are approximately 84,000 women in federal and state prisons and nearly 70,000 additional women incarcerated in county jails, numbers that are now doubling every seven to eight years. Most of these women were custodial parents prior to their incarceration, so when they go to prison, children are often left behind. |
07 August 2007 |
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Researchers at the University have found a way to combine cancer chemotherapy with gene therapy designed to disrupt the growth of blood vessels to a tumor. The combination, tested in mice, is far more effective than standard chemotherapy and has no additional side effects. This innovative approach is described in the August issue of the Journal of Clinical Investigation. |
06 August 2007 |
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Researchers at the University have identified a gene defect that causes the development of leukemia in children with Down syndrome. The discovery could speed diagnosis and provide a new target for therapy. |
06 August 2007 |
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Although many people would like to think their babies are bright enough to count before their first birthday, and some child psychologists have suggested they can, this possibility is disputed in the results of a 10-year evaluation by leading scholars at the University. |
06 August 2007 |
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Most people seriously overestimate their ability to communicate effectively, even when dealing with information they know to be ambiguous, say Chicago psychologists Boaz Keysar and Anne Henly. In a recent study of 40 pairs of listeners and speakers, “When it comes to communication, people overestimate their skill,” said Keysar, Associate Professor in Psychology and the College. |
05 August 2007 |
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The silver chalcogenides magnetic sensor, developed by researchers at the University and Argonne National Laboratory, has been used to make precise measurements of magnetic fields as high as 600,000 Gauss, or more than a million times Earth’s magnetic field. |
05 August 2007 |
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George Hillocks Jr., Professor in English Language & Literature and Director of the Master of Arts Program in Teaching, has spent much of the past decade trying to determine what effect standardized writing assessments have on writing ability. |
05 August 2007 |
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Brief exposure to low levels of nicotine not only boosts the brain’s ‘reward’ system but also blocks a rival system that limits the duration of such rewards, report University researchers in the journal Neuron. The finding helps scientists understand why nicotine addiction takes root so quickly and lasts so long. |
04 August 2007 |
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University scientists have described the first chip-based chemical strategy for rapidly screening carbohydrates for biologically useful activity. The technique enables researchers to scan a single chip for literally thousands of different biologically active compounds that could someday play a key role in the treatment of disease or as a diagnostic for biological warfare agents. |
04 August 2007 |
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Researchers from the University have estimated that genetic mutations, the raw material for evolution, occur 5.25 times more often in males than in females. This discovery should lay to rest any doubts raised by recent studies questioning the dominant role that males play in producing mutations for molecular evolution. |
04 August 2007 |
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Researchers from the University and Boston Biomedical Research Institute have described the three-dimensional structure of edema factor, one of the three toxins that make anthrax so deadly. This finding, published in today’s issue of Nature, is a crucial step toward designing drugs to block the harmful effects of anthrax and perhaps other bacterial toxins. |
03 August 2007 |
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University researchers are receiving international attention for a recent study of women’s scent preferences, which was published in this month’s issue of the journal Nature Genetics. Martha McClintock, the David Lee Shillinglaw Distinguished Service Professor in Psychology; Carole Ober, Professor in Human Genetics; and Suma Jacob, (A.B. ’91; Ph.D. ’98; M.D. ’01) a University postdoctoral fellow and lead investigator for the study, discovered that women prefer the scent of some men over other men because of genes they have inherited from their fathers. |
03 August 2007 |
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This false-color image of the distribution of calcium in the chromosomes of a deer, was obtained using secondary ion mass spectrometry with the University’s high-resolution scanning ion microprobe. Such images are revealing new details about cellular reproduction. |
03 August 2007 |
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Researchers in Ecology & Evolution overturned a classic belief that has been published in both genetics and evolution textbooks since the 1930s, when they reported in the Jan. 4 issue of Science that the tiny fourth chromosome of the fruit fly, believed to be identical in every member of the species, actually has several regions that vary. |
03 August 2007 |
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Researchers from the University have demonstrated that natural selection plays a much larger role in molecular evolution than anyone had suspected. Their report, published in the Nature, shows that about 25 percent of genes are evolving rapidly in response to competitive pressures. A second paper by other researchers in the same issue confirms this discovery. |
03 August 2007 |
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Drunk drivers are at least 13 times more likely to cause a fatal crash than are sober drivers, according to a new study by Steven Levitt, Professor in Economics, and Jack Porter, professor of economics at Harvard University. |
02 August 2007 |
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The image above is a false-color transmission electron microscope image of self-assembled silver nanowires that were produced in the laboratory of Heinrich Jaeger, Professor in Physics. The center-to-center spacing between neighboring wires is 50 nanometers. |
02 August 2007 |
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Researchers in Geophysical Sciences used a diamond anvil cell to simulate high pressures found at Earth’s core. The chemical ingredients at the center of the Earth are surprisingly complicated, according to high-temperature, high-pressure experiments conducted by University scientists. |
02 August 2007 |
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In a study conducted by Dario Maestripieri, Associate Professor in Human Development, rhesus macaque babies were found to exhibit the behaviors of their birth mothers, though the babies were adopted and raised by foster mothers. |
01 August 2007 |
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A water drop drips through silicone oil showing that the neck of the drop is initially a smooth parabola around the drop’s narrowest point and then becomes a long and thin thread. |
01 August 2007 |
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Researchers from the University have demonstrated that corticosteroid nasal sprays are more effective than antihistamines when used “as needed” for treatment of seasonal allergies. This finding, published in the Archives of Internal Medicine, suggests that the current guidelines and prescribing patterns, which favor the use of antihistamines as the first-line treatment for mild or moderate allergies, need to be revised. |
01 August 2007 |
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Scientists at the University have demonstrated that sleep has an important impact on improving the ability to learn language. The researchers found that sleep improved the ability of students to retain knowledge about speech produced by a computer, even when the students seemed to forget some of what they had learned during the day before a night’s sleep. |
31 July 2007 |
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University researchers have shown for the first time that strong sexual orientation among men appears to be connected with brain metabolism. The results of their study are reported in a paper that was presented the annual Society for Neuroscience conference in New Orleans. |
31 July 2007 |
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A multicenter research team led by a University researcher has discovered how to deliver antimicrobial medications directly to the infectious parasites that cause such diseases as toxoplasmosis, even when the parasites lay hidden and inactive within cysts, where they have been untreatable by any available medicines. |
31 July 2007 |
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A surgical team at the University Hospitals uses the da Vinci robotic system to remove a cancerous prostate gland in a patient. This new laparoscopic technique allows patients to undergo the surgery with less pain, smaller scars and minimal blood loss, and to recover more rapidly. |
30 July 2007 |
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Tiny particles in the air probably have a greater impact on infant health than has previously been realized, according to new research published by a University economist, who specializes in environmental regulation, and his colleague. |
30 July 2007 |
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These illustrations show the pattern of underwrapped hydrogen bonds in the crystal structure of human apomyoglobin (which carries oxygen from the muscles), hen egg-white lysozyme (an enzymatic protein), and human microglobulin (an immune system protein). The ribbon representations are an aid to the eye. The protein backbones are presented in blue. The well-wrapped backbone hydrogen bonds show as grey segments, and the underwrapped hydrogen bonds are displayed as green segments. |
30 July 2007 |
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Front and side views of a pinch-off in an air burst from a nozzle tilted by 2 degrees. The nozzle’s tilt is indicated in white in the bottom-left frame. In the front views at top, the neck broadens before breakup, resembling a crimped and bent double cone. Then, a pair of tiny satellite bubbles is produced. |
29 July 2007 |
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Smaller classes may offer a solution to a puzzling and disturbing gap in academic achievement between white and black students, according to recent research by Diane Whitmore, an Assistant Professor in the Irving B. Harris Graduate School of Public Policy Studies who joined the faculty this quarter. |
29 July 2007 |
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An artist’s conception of the violent blast of gamma rays emitted by the recent GRB030329 in the constellation Leo is shown above. Gamma ray bursts are explosions so powerful that they can be seen across billions of light-years of space, emitting 10 times as much energy in a few seconds as the sun will release in its entire 10-billion-year lifetime. |
29 July 2007 |
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The ability to develop a form of communication that becomes a simple language is a skill that extends beyond childhood, according to new research on the use of gestures among deaf children and experiments with adults. |
28 July 2007 |
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University chemists have demonstrated for the first time how to use a simple laboratory model consisting of only a few chemical reactions to predict when and where blood clotting will occur. |
28 July 2007 |
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A research team based at the University has traced increased susceptibility to bipolar disorder to two overlapping genes found on the long arm of chromosome 13. |
28 July 2007 |
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A growing body of scientific evidence suggests that abrupt climate change may be more typical of Earth’s history than the relatively stable conditions humans have enjoyed not only for the last few centuries, but the last 10,000 years. Yet most scientists, economists and policy-makers pay more attention to the issue of gradual climate change. |
27 July 2007 |
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Female rats that are apprehensive of new experiences as infants maintain that temperament and die earlier from mammary and pituitary tumors than do their more adventuresome sisters, according to new research by a team based at the Institute for Mind and Biology at the University. |
27 July 2007 |
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Researchers at the University have found that a drug approved to treat chronic hepatitis B can block the action of an anthrax toxin. In the online edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, a team led by Wei-Jen Tang shows that in vitro, the drug adefovir dipivoxil effectively reduces the effects of edema factor, one of the two deadly toxins produced by anthrax. |
27 July 2007 |
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Amanda Woodward’s current research has revealed that humans develop the capacity to perceive others’ intentions during the first year. New research at the University shows that the basic human capacity to read the intentions of others begins to emerge early in the first year of life. |
26 July 2007 |
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A two-step process appears to regulate cell-fate decisions for many types of developing cells, according to researchers from the University. This finding sheds light on a puzzling behavior. For some differentiating stem cells, the first step leads not to a final decision but to a new choice. In response to the initial chemical signal, these cells take on the genetic signatures of two different cell types. It often requires a second signal for them to commit to a single cellular identity. |
26 July 2007 |
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Neil Shubin, Chairman and Professor of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, and the scientists with whom he works recently discovered in China fossils of a new species of salamander, Chunerpeton tianyiensis, one of the earliest-known salamanders. |
26 July 2007 |
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Holographic optical tweezers are used to create a lattice of discrete optical traps through which small objects, such as proteins or biological cells, are driven by flowing fluid. The fluid is contained in a small transparent sample chamber into which the laser traps are projected with a microscope objective lens. |
25 July 2007 |
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The three images at above from a supercomputer simulation of the evolution of the universe show a cubic volume of outer space measuring approximately 280 million light years across. The images portray, from top to bottom, the universe 470 million years, 2.1 billion years and 13.4 billion years (the present) after the big bang. |
25 July 2007 |
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This supercomputer simulation from the Center for Astrophysical Thermonuclear Flashes shows the density changes in the material of a white dwarf star, a star that has burned most or all of its nuclear fuel. The star is smaller than Earth but much denser. A teaspoon of the material at its densest (shown in red), would weigh a ton on Earth. At its most diffuse (the regions in white and purple), the density becomes gaseous. |
25 July 2007 |
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Twenty thousand light years across, this perspective of the Milky Way galaxy is a view from above. The areas highlighted in the boxed section of the image show where NGC 6231 formed at about the same time NGC 6397 had passed through the Milky Way nearly five million years ago, providing new evidence about star formation. |
24 July 2007 |
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Vineet Arora has published a study in the Annals of Internal Medicine on the benefits of naps for young medical residents working extended hospital shifts.
The first study to assess the benefits of naps for medical residents during extended shifts found that creating protected times when interns could sleep during a night on-call significantly reduced fatigue. |
24 July 2007 |
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This image was taken from Professor Jack Cowan’s video simulations of brain activity. The pattern shows how neurons fire in clustered bursts of activity instead of in spirals or waves. Cowan, who shares the discovery of this newly identified pattern with Tanya Baker, a Ph.D. student in Physics, describes the pattern as resembling the movements of flaming jellyfish. |
24 July 2007 |
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The display above is a simulated graviton event in the Collider Detector at Fermilab. The tower shown above is of detected energy from the debris of a collision between a proton and an antiproton, which balances an undetectable graviton. An undetectable graviton carries the force of gravity, which “escapes” into extra-dimensional space. |
23 July 2007 |
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The gaseous disks of two galaxies collide in this series of images produced in a supercomputer simulation. Approximately three billion years after the collision begins, the two supermassive black holes at the center of the galaxies merge. Such mergers produce strong gravitational waves, which scientists hope to detect with the proposed Laser Interferometer Space Antenna. |
23 July 2007 |
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As more people remain single for longer periods of time or become single because of divorce, elaborate “markets” to facilitate people in their search for companionship and sex have developed in major cities, according to a new study by a University research team. |
23 July 2007 |
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David Mao, Visiting Scientist in Geophysical Sciences, and his daughter Wendy, a graduate student in Geophysical Sciences, have synthesized a hydrogen clathrate hydrate, a promising new compound that could lead to useful storage methods for hydrogen. The lack of practical storage methods has hindered the more widespread use of hydrogen fuels, which are renewable and environmentally friendly. |
22 July 2007 |
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New research at the University and the University of California, Santa Barbara, shows that women subconsciously pick up cues in men’s faces that indicate an interest in children and subsequently, use those cues to determine if they are attracted to those men for long-term relationships. |
22 July 2007 |
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Above is a photo of the high-energy cosmic ray surface detector stationed in the Mendoza Province of Argentina, where University scientists are conducting the Auger Project. |
22 July 2007 |
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Taking one aspirin a day can prevent the development of precancerous polyps in patients at increased risk for colorectal cancer, according to a study by University researchers and colleagues published in the New England Journal of Medicine. Aspirin’s protective effect was so significant that the study was stopped early. |
21 July 2007 |
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Older couples who live in Western countries and who enjoy more equality between men and women are most likely to report being satisfied with their sex lives, according to a new study on sexual well-being, aging and health that was conducted in 29 countries by a University research team. |
21 July 2007 |
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The spinal cord’s commissural neurons, which receive sensory signals such as pain from the primary neurons in other regions of the body, have a complex growth process. Growth occurs at the growth cones (pictured above) found at the tip of each axon. Receptors in the growth cones detect extracellular signals and grow toward or away from the source. |
21 July 2007 |
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Persistence pays, contends economist James Heckman, as do other non-cognitive skills, for both the individual and society. Like persistence, dependability and other under-studied traits probably play as important a role in work and school success as do more easily measured skills, such as those recorded on achievement tests, writes Heckman in a forthcoming book. |
20 July 2007 |
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University psychologists have found a 30-point difference in systolic blood pressure readings between older Americans who experience loneliness and those who are not lonely, showing that loneliness could increase the risk of death from stroke and heart disease. |
20 July 2007 |
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Cosmopolitanism has become a watchword for both good and ill. While it seems to stand for enlightened tolerance of and interest in diverse cultures, it may simultaneously stand for their eradication. But it may be a watchword that is misunderstood, after all, as Sheldon Pollock points out, it barely ever occurs in the original Greek, and there may be something just as shadowy about its modern-day occurrences. |
20 July 2007 |
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A massive, multicenter study has found that celiac disease, a digestive disorder, is much more common in the United States than previously believed. The study found that one out of every 133 Americans has celiac disease. Since only about one out of 4,700 Americans has been diagnosed, this means that 97 percent of cases in this country go undetected. |
19 July 2007 |
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About 5 percent of deaths from sudden infant death syndrome in African Americans can be traced to defects in one gene, and half of those deaths result from a common genetic variation that increases an infant’s risk of developing an abnormal heart rhythm during times of environmental stress. |
19 July 2007 |
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In the space of 20 years, the Chicago legal world changed from a relatively cozy establishment of lawyers in modest-sized firms to a profession dominated by large firmsÑan environment where some lawyers make vast amounts of money and those in solo practice make remarkably less. |
19 July 2007 |
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Astrophysicist Don Lamb has just completed one of the most scientifically explosive months of his career. Scientists announced that NASA’s Swift satellite and ground-based telescopes had discovered the most distant exploding star on record. |
18 July 2007 |
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By scanning the entire human genome in search of genetic variations that may signal recent evolution, University researchers have found more than 700 genetic variants that may be targets of recent natural positive selection during the past 10,000 years of human evolution. |
18 July 2007 |
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Ugaritic is a uniquely hybrid early writing system similar to the Hebrew alphabet, in that it basically represents consonants. The difference is that the letters were written not in script but in wedge shapes with a stylus on clay tablets. This form of writing the alphabet was thus a formal imitation of the better-known Babylonian writing of Mesopotamia. Above is a drawing of the original text that tells the tale of how the god El holds a big feast at which he becomes drunk. The story is appended with medical instructions at the end, which Pardee interprets as a hangover cure. |
18 July 2007 |
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Lawrence Casalino was the lead author of a paper that described how patients suffering from chronic disease are not receiving the benefits of many care management processes. |
17 July 2007 |
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In the nation’s first survey of altruistic love, scholars have found that people who have strong feelings of love for other people in general are more likely to have strong romantic relationships. |
17 July 2007 |
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Human evolution, in what has become our most important organ, the brain, is still under way, University researchers report in two related papers published in the Science. The studies show two genes linked to brain size are rapidly evolving in humans. |
17 July 2007 |
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New data suggest that the accumulation of genetic changes is not solely determined by natural selection. A study by University researchers contradicts conventional theory by showing that the percentage of mutations accepted in evolution also is strongly swayed by the speed at which new mutations arrive at a gene: the faster the speed of new mutations, the greater the percentage of those mutations accepted. |
16 July 2007 |
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Geologists have learned that the height of the Tibetan Plateau, a vast, elevated region of central Asia sometimes called “the roof of the world,” has remained remarkably constant for at least 35 million years. |
16 July 2007 |
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Former Illinois Gov. George Ryan’s recent decision to commute the sentences of all 167 Illinois death row prisoners, which followed a moratorium and a review of the death penalty system by a gubernatorial commission, has provoked outspoken criticism and rallied support alike. |
16 July 2007 |
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Researchers at the University have found genetic evidence to support the sodium-retention hypothesis, a controversial 30-year-old theory that the high rate of hypertension in certain ethnic groups is caused, in part, by an inherited tendency to retain salt. |
15 July 2007 |
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The light-colored oval on this computer-generated image of a protein highlights the location of a dehydron, an unprotected dry region where water can easily get in to destroy the hydrogen bond that holds proteins together. The colored bars designate various amino acids (two of which are labeled in red), the building blocks of proteins. |
15 July 2007 |
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The first study of physician religious beliefs has found that 76 percent of doctors believe in God and 59 percent believe in some sort of afterlife. The survey, performed by researchers at the University and published in the July issue of the Journal of General Internal Medicine, found that 90 percent of doctors in the United States attend religious services at least occasionally, compared to 81 percent of all adults. Fifty-five percent of doctors say their religious beliefs influence how they practice medicine. |
15 July 2007 |
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Cheng Chin, now a Chicago faculty member, and his colleagues conducted the experiments under the leadership of Rudolf Grimm at Innsbruck University in Austria. Their experiments may lead to a better scientific understanding of superconductivity and advance a growing new field called superchemistry. In the long term, they may also provide a strategy that could aid the development of quantum computers. |
14 July 2007 |
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Sometime thi year, the largest scientific instrument ever built will begin flowing massive quantities of data into an international network of computer centers, including one the University is operating jointly with Indiana University. The first phase of the Chicago-Indiana center, formally known as the Midwest Tier-2 center, is now up and running, crunching test data in preparation for the real thing. |
14 July 2007 |
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In this comparison of granular jets at atmospheric pressure and in a vacuum, a-c show images from a high-speed video of a granular jet produced by the impact of a heavy sphere at atmospheric pressure. d-f show images from a high-speed video of the jet at reduced pressure. Air compressed between the sand grains provides most of the energy that drives the jet. |
14 July 2007 |
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Gene regulatory networks orchestrating the generation of a B-cell precursor from a hematopoietic stem cell are shown above. Four successive, interdependent developmental states are depicted. Each transition is enabled by distinct combinations of regulatory molecules (gene regulatory proteins like PU.1 and signaling receptors like IL-7R). Gene regulators activate or repress target genes whereas signaling receptors induce or modify the activities of gene regulators. |
14 July 2007 |
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Wendy Zhang, Assistant Professor in Physics and the College, is perfecting a technique that could lead scientists to develop extremely thin wires for use in biomedical and biotechnology procedures. |
13 July 2007 |
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The achievement gap between African Americans and whites, which narrowed for much of the 20th century, has stalled and is likely to persist for generations unless something is done to improve the learning experiences of African-American children, contends new research conducted by Derek Neal, Professor in Economics. |
13 July 2007 |
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A study comparing, for the first time, breast cancers in women from Nigeria, Sénégal and North America has revealed that women of African ancestry are more likely to be diagnosed with a more virulent form of the disease than women of European ancestry. |
12 July 2007 |
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New details about the tragic end of one of the world’s earliest cities, as well as clues about how urban life may have begun there, were revealed in a recent excavation conducted in northeastern Syria by archaeologists from the Oriental Institute and the Syrian Department of Antiquities. |
12 July 2007 |
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Breast-feeding women and their infants produce a substance that increases sexual desire among other women, according to a recent paper by University researchers. |
12 July 2007 |
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A collaboration between clinical and basic scientists at the University has led to identifying the first genetic cause of one of the most common birth defects of the brain, Dandy-Walker malformation. |
11 July 2007 |
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What makes humans different from primates? How did we develop the ability to talk and to walk on two legs, yet be the only organism that seems vulnerable to neurodegenerative diseases. |
11 July 2007 |
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This painting by Donald Davis depicts an asteroid slamming into tropical, shallow seas of the Yucatan Peninsula in what is today southeast Mexico. The aftermath of this immense asteroid collision, which occurred approximately 65 million years ago, is believed to have caused the extinction of the dinosaurs and many other species on Earth. The geological studies conducted by the University’s Lawrence Grossman and Denton Ebel of the American Museum of Natural History explain the complex chemistry of the fireball that the asteroid impact produced. |
11 July 2007 |
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Photographs of a drop of alcohol hitting a smooth, dry, glass surface show the drop in the first frame just before impact. The next three frames in each row show the evolution of the drop after impact. In the top row, the drop splashes at atmospheric pressure, followed by the next three rows, which show the drops under decreasing air pressure. In the fourth row, at the lowest pressure, there is no splashing and no apparent undulations in the rim. |
10 July 2007 |
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The now-infamous pain relievers known as Cox-2 inhibitors were overprescribed long before their current problems came to light, a new study concludes. Most of the growth in Cox-2 use between 1999 and 2002 came among patients who were least likely to benefit, namely those without a high risk of gastrointestinal complications, according to the study. Cox-2 inhibitors were developed for patients who had gastrointestinal problems with over-the-counter pain relievers, such as aspirin, ibuprofen and naproxen. |
10 July 2007 |
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Matthew Pelton, a research fellow in the James Franck Institute at the University, adjusts a green laser used to monitor the sporadic blinking of quantum dots.
Scientists at the University have discovered a better way to measure a confounding property of microscopic high-tech particles called quantum dots. |
10 July 2007 |
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Assistant Professor in Astronomy & Astrophysics, Andrey Kravtsov and a team of researchers have resolved an embarrassing contradiction between a favored theory of how galaxies form and what astronomers see in their telescopes. |
09 July 2007 |
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Genes that specify the architecture of the human brain seem to have started evolving faster some 20 million years ago, when the great apes split off from Old World monkeys. |
09 July 2007 |
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Among the mechanisms that regulate reproduction and health in humans and other animals is a biological clock, which researchers had thought was regulated primarily by sunlight until work by Brian Prendergast, Assistant Professor in Psychology, showed memory and genetics also play a role. |
09 July 2007 |
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How do doctors interpret and respond to conflicts between their best medical advice and a patient’s religious concerns? A study in the Archives of Internal Medicine suggests that such conflicts are not uncommon, that most physicians strive to accommodate the demands of a patient’s faith, but that certain types of conflict tend to push doctors over a threshold toward negotiation, persuasion and appeal to other authorities. |
08 July 2007 |
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Mammals seem to have evolved the delicate bone structure of the middle ear at least twice. The surprising discovery comes from a fossil, found off the southern coast of Australia, that belongs to an ancestor of the platypus. |
08 July 2007 |
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Researchers may have found a crucial clue to understanding and ultimately eliminating sudden infant death syndrome, the leading cause of post-neonatal mortality in the United States. Approximately 3,000 infants die each year from the disorder, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. |
08 July 2007 |
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Chicago scientists screened 10,000 small molecules for activity against anthrax lethal factor using peptide arrays and mass spectrometry. |
07 July 2007 |
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A University of Chicago study found that mice that lived in an 'enriched environment' with chew toys, running wheels and tunnels that helped keep their brains and bodies active had lower levels of Alzheimer's-associated brain plaques and protein buildup than mice that lived in less stimulating surroundings. |
07 July 2007 |
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University researchers are using new technology to measure, for the first time, how closely well-trained hospital staff comply with established guidelines for cardio-pulmonary resuscitation. The results reveal room for improvement. |
07 July 2007 |
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The University’s Consortium on Chicago School Research has discovered in the results of a new study that although graduation rates have been improving along with academic achievement among Chicago Public Schools students, the actual graduation rate is much lower than typically reported. |
06 July 2007 |
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Putting on weight is not nearly as deadly as the government thought, according to a new calculation from the CDC that found people who are modestly overweight actually have a lower risk of death than those of normal weight. |
06 July 2007 |
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Two genes implicated in the dramatic expansion of the human cerebral cortex, a development considered to be one of the hallmarks of human evolution have been identified by researchers. |
06 July 2007 |
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University researchers have discovered there is extensive gene “traffic”, the process of genes leaving and arriving on the chromosome, on the mammalian X chromosome. They also have overturned a conventional theory about how genes evolved on the sex chromosome. |
05 July 2007 |
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Strong airborne chemicals emitted in male perspiration and associated with sexual reproduction trigger a heightened response in the brains of homosexual men similar to that seen in heterosexual women. |
05 July 2007 |
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Mark Kedzie of Argonne National Laboratory's Physics Division examines a module of superconducting resonators that accelerate particles at Argonne's ATLAS facility. RIA would incorporate this technology. |
05 July 2007 |
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Experiments led by the University’s Nicolas Dauphas have validated some remarkable rocks from Greenland as the potential site for the earliest evidence of life on Earth. |
04 July 2007 |
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How land-living animals evolved from fish has long been a scientific puzzle. An important part of the mystery is the transformation of the fins of fish into the arms and legs of humans’ ancestors. |
04 July 2007 |
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As the definition of adulthood has shifted in this country and young people are living with their parents even into their 20's, one group has been mostly left behind in this phenomenon: thousands of people who grow up in foster care. |
04 July 2007 |
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According to a new study, eating half a bar of dark chocolate each day may lower high blood pressure though experts cautioned that the results should not be read as an invitation for chocoholics to pig out. |
03 July 2007 |
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Advertisements like those created by the state of Washington Department of Health, may have contributed to a decline in secondhand smoke in households, as did the restrictions on smoking in public places. |
03 July 2007 |
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David Mazziotti, University quantum chemist has proposed a new research tool that could help scientists more rapidly solve problems in atmospheric chemistry, combustion, medicine and other areas of research where the behavior of electrons plays a key role. |
03 July 2007 |
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Researchers have reported new findings that show genes that regulate brain development and function evolved much more rapidly in humans than in nonhuman primates and other mammals because of natural selection processes unique to the human lineage. |
02 July 2007 |
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Black holes, remnants of exploded stars and other exotic celestial objects emit streams of gamma rays that carry trillions of times more energy across the universe than visible light. Scott Wakely considers gamma rays the juiciest portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. |
02 July 2007 |
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The University of Chicago feels far from the Midwest's farms, but experiments at the Hyde Park campus could prove useful to corn and grain growers. |
02 July 2007 |
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Nature apparently thinks you can, according to two University of Chicago studies providing the first scientific evidence that the human brain is still evolving, a process that may ultimately increase people's capacity to grow smarter. |
01 July 2007 |
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A scientist at University of Chicago and colleagues say they've found the best way to avoid becoming a fossil is to be small and live in deep, tropical water. The four paleontologists who have published a detailed, global study of clam preservation say their work is intended to enhance evolutionary studies by determining what's missing from the fossil record and why. |
01 July 2007 |
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A pioneering University of Chicago research team reported that female rodents handle stress much better than males, which may hint at why women seem better able to survive social isolation than men. |
01 July 2007 |
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A comprehensive scan of the human genome finds that hundreds of our genes have undergone positive natural selection during the past 10,000 years of human evolution. |
30 June 2007 |
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Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory Physicists have reported what would seem to set a new standard for vacillation: a subatomic particle that reverses identity three trillion times a second, switching into its upside-down mirror-image evil-twin antimatter opposite and then back again. |
30 June 2007 |
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Researchers say that two genes involved in determining the size of the human brain have undergone substantial evolution in the last 60,000 years, leading to the surprising suggestion that the brain is still undergoing rapid evolution. |
30 June 2007 |
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Despite recent moves by the federal government to build drug stockpiles for a possible outbreak of avian flu, some experts say the plans so far have neglected a key possibility: What if a pandemic strikes before the stockpiles are in place? |
29 June 2007 |
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A groundbreaking international sex survey reveals that couples in Western countries are the most sexually satisfied, while countries in the East appear to be less satisfied. |
29 June 2007 |
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For three decades scientists have known that humans and chimpanzees share 99 percent of the same genes, but they have been at a loss to explain what causes the two to be so obviously different physically, behaviorally and mentally. |
29 June 2007 |
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When Denise Faustman announced that she had cured mice of diabetes, funders didn't exactly beat a path to her door, and colleagues didn't shower her with hosannas. |
28 June 2007 |
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A University of Chicago physics professor is among a team of researchers who've converted three atoms into a special state of matter. |
28 June 2007 |
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A University of Chicago study has found impotence also can be a warning sign for heart disease. Researchers found the link between impotence and heart disease is stronger than that of any other known risk factor, including smoking, family history and high blood pressure. |
28 June 2007 |
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According to a study, a look at the medical records of Civil War soldiers suggests post-traumatic stress disorder existed back then, too. |
27 June 2007 |
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Martha Yasso, like many mothers of young children, was tired all the time, tired that whenever her 3-year-old son went down for a nap, she grabbed the chance to rest as well. But even with those precious extra minutes of sleep, she was still so exhausted by late afternoon that she could barely keep her eyes open. |
27 June 2007 |
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Severe feelings of social isolation are associated with as much as a 30 mmHg rise in a person's systolic blood pressure by the age of 65, which could easily push their systolic blood pressure over 150 mmHg, the medical definition of hypertension. |
27 June 2007 |
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According to medical guidelines, the patient had high cholesterol and should have been taking a drug to lower it. But her doctor didn't write a prescription. The drug was unlikely to help someone who was 100 years old and had advanced cancer. It wasn't worth the cost, side effects and hassle of taking yet another pill. |
26 June 2007 |
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In 1930, legendary economist John Maynard Keynes published an essay called 'Economic Possibilities for Our Grandchildren.' |
26 June 2007 |
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According to a new study that spotlights the severe personal problems afflicting the poorest families, several years into Wisconsin's stringent welfare-to-work program, which helped reduce welfare rolls in the state by 80 percent, the remaining welfare recipients fared poorly, seldom finding steady jobs or stable lives. |
26 June 2007 |
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Researchers from Harvard and the University of Chicago have found that one in 20 Americans may be susceptible to repeated, uncontrollable anger attacks in which they lash out in road rage, spousal abuse or other unjustifiably violent actions. |
25 June 2007 |
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By Martin E. Marty, professor emeritus at the University of Chicago Divinity School. He is an ordained Lutheran minister and the author of 'When Faiths Collide.' |
25 June 2007 |
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A study has found no difference in relieving seasonal hay fever symptoms between an over-the-counter decongestant and a prescription drug that costs more than three times as much. |
25 June 2007 |
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A study shows that chest X-rays may raise breast cancer risk in women with the gene mutations BRCA1 or BRCA2. Don't rush past that word 'may.' The researchers aren't totally certain of their findings, so they're not giving any advice just yet. |
24 June 2007 |
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A 9-year-old boy from Chicago, Jewaun Smith, is lucky to be alive. A scrape on his left knee that he picked up riding his bike turned into a runaway infection that spread in a matter of days through the rest of his body, leaving his lungs riddled with holes. Jewaun managed to survive, but what worries doctors most about his near-death experience is that it's not an isolated case. |
24 June 2007 |
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Abstract Neuromotor Prostheses aim to replace or restore lost motor functions in paralysed humans by routeing movement-related signals from the brain, around damaged parts of the nervous system, to external effectors. |
23 June 2007 |
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A 25-year-old man paralyzed from the neck down for five years has learned to use his thoughts to operate a computer, turn on a TV set, open email, play a video game and manipulate a robotic arm with a tiny electronic chip implanted in the motor cortex of his brain |
23 June 2007 |
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University of Chicago researchers who asked people to wear sleep-measuring devices found that the period of sleep was much shorter than the study subjects believed. |
23 June 2007 |
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According to a University of Chicago study that might have implications for humans, a fearful personality increases the risk of cancer in rats. Researchers found that female rats hesitant to explore their surroundings were more likely to develop breast cancer than adventuresome rats. |
22 June 2007 |
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According to a study, not getting enough shut eye each night or not sleeping well may contribute to reduced blood sugar control in African Americans with type 2, also referred to as adult-onset diabetes. |
22 June 2007 |
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An American Indian attorney is asked where she keeps her tomahawk. White male partners look past a black lawyer, assuming she is clerical staff. An Asian attorney is called a 'dragon lady' when she asserts herself. |
22 June 2007 |
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PrepMe.com, an online test preparation service that targets students bound for US colleges, is only 23 years old but has already had several brushes with the world of commerce. |
21 June 2007 |
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Research showing an alarming gap in breast cancer death rates for black and white women in Chicago has mobilized health experts to find the root causes and recommend within a year ways to reduce the unusually high mortality among African-Americans. |
21 June 2007 |
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Researchers in the U.S. say they've spotted a protein that switches on the brain's natural antioxidant defense system. |
21 June 2007 |
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A new vaccine may work against Staphylococcus aureus, a bacteria that causes a range of potentially fatal infections and has become resistant to many antibiotics. |
20 June 2007 |
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According to scientists, a vaccine to guard against hospital superbug MRSA is a step closer. US researchers have developed a vaccine that protected mice from four potentially deadly strains of MRSA. |
20 June 2007 |
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Why do some neighborhoods and cities go the way of East Cleveland, flipping from white to predominately poor and black nearly overnight, while others resist the tide? |
20 June 2007 |
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A new study on monkeys raised by abusive mothers suggests that growing up in an abusive household can alter brain chemistry in a way that makes some youngsters prone to mistreating their own children when they grow up. |
19 June 2007 |
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A report studying the role of a important brain chemical sheds new light on why victims of childhood abuse may themselves become abusers as adults, and points to a possible remedy. |
19 June 2007 |
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The bizarre behavior of bubbles is helping scientists understand the physics of fluids, which govern everything from the bubbles in carbonated beverages to the venting of gas from deep oceanic fissures. |
19 June 2007 |
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University of Chicago researchers suggest that 37,000 years ago a human had sex with a Neanderthal and our brains are better for it today, in a report sure to stir controversy. |
18 June 2007 |
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Being shy and reluctant to take chances may keep you from meeting new people or changing careers, but could it also give you cancer? That seemingly farfetched link is one focus of a University of Chicago research group that is trying to understand how temperament may affect a wide range of health yardsticks. Some experts refer to the discipline by the unwieldy name of psychoneuroimmunology. |
18 June 2007 |
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Research focusing on the role of a important brain chemical sheds new light on why victims of childhood abuse may themselves become abusers as adults, and points to a possible remedy. |
18 June 2007 |
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A new study shows that obese patients are more likely to have a recurrence of colon cancer than their normal-weight counterparts and face an increased risk of dying from the disease. |
17 June 2007 |
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A National Opinion Research Center study at the University of Chicago found that sixty percent believe that smokers should pay more for health insurance and another 29 percent said the obese should pay more. Only 12 percent believe it is appropriate for people with family histories of heart disease or cancer to pay more. |
17 June 2007 |
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US researchers say that neanderthals may have given the modern humans who replaced them a priceless gift, a gene that helped them develop superior brains. And the only way they could have provided that gift would have been by interbreeding, the team at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the University of Chicago said. |
17 June 2007 |
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According to a study published by the University of Chicago’s David Jablonski, asignificant number of organisms that survived the five greatest mass extinctions in Earth’s history subsequently failed to achieve evolutionary success. |
17 June 2007 |
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A researcher at the University of Chicago has established the first scientific proof for human pheromones, compounds undetectable as odors but which have a major impact on the timing of ovulation. |
17 June 2007 |
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University of Chicago research shows children apparently have an inherent ability to form words and sentences independent of the capacity they have to imitate the language of their parents. |
17 June 2007 |
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A used pacemaker could keep someone else ticking but most aren't removed from patients who die. Pacemakers typically cost $4,000 or $5,000, and defibrillators $20,000 to $30,000. Yet even though these expensive devices often have years more of useful life, they are usually buried with patients. |
16 June 2007 |
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According to a study, those born first to women younger than 25 are twice as likely to defy the average life span and go on to live beyond 100. Leonid A. Gavrilov and his colleagues at the University of Chicago's Center for Aging have relied on a wealth of Internet data, from genealogy Web sites to federal death indexes, to study centenarians to figure out why so many firstborns seem to outpace their younger siblings in the longevity race. |
16 June 2007 |
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US researchers say your chances of living to 100 may depend on how young your mother was when she gave birth to you. A team at the University of Chicago found that people born to women younger than 25 were about twice as likely to live for a century or longer than people born to older mothers. |
16 June 2007 |
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University of Chicago research has shown that children’s intellectual potential is influenced much more by their learning environment than has been previously realized. |
16 June 2007 |
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According to research by Susan Levine and Janellen Huttenlocher, both Professors of Psychology at the University of Chicago. Regardless of their backgrounds, children as young as 3 have the ability to recognize numbers, and add and subtract. |
16 June 2007 |
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Sex habits in the United States and Britain shows that Americans are more likely than Britons to have multiple sex partners, which may explain why the rates of AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases are much higher in the United States than Britain, according to a new University of Chicago study. |
16 June 2007 |
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How did life begin on Earth? University of Chicago geophysicist Joseph V. Smith, in a Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences paper, provides a theory for how small organic molecules may have been able to assemble on the surfaces of minerals into self-replicating biomolecules, the essential building blocks of life. |
16 June 2007 |
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Researchers are deducing the internal circuitry of the visual brain by mathematically reproducing the geometric hallucinations people see when they ingest mind-altering drugs, view bright, flickering lights or encounter near-death experiences. |
15 June 2007 |
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According to a new paper by Steven Levitt, Associate Professor of Economics at the University of Chicago, increased punishment of juveniles reduces the amount of crime they commit in a way similiar to the impact punishment has for adults. |
15 June 2007 |
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According to a paper by University of Chicago scholars published in the journal Nature blind children use gestures as part of speech much the same way that sighted children do. “Gesture depends on neither a model nor an observer and thus appears integral to the speaking process itself,” said Susan Goldin-Meadow, Professor of Psychology, who with her former student Jana Iverson, now a post doctoral fellow at Indiana University, co-wrote the article “Why do People Gesture?” “These findings suggest that the gestures which co-occur with speech may themselves reflect, or even facilitate, the thinking that underlies speaking. |
15 June 2007 |
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Scientists in Washington have discovered that despite the explosive growth in size and complexity of the human brain, the pace of evolutionary change among the thousands of genes expressed in brain tissue has actually slowed since the split between human and chimpanzee millions of years ago. |
15 June 2007 |
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According to a study, almost 1,400 corporate board members appear to have profited from the manipulation of stock option grant dates over a 10-year period. |
15 June 2007 |
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Think of yourself as a hospital patient. Your doctor walks in and lets out a long yawn. When you ask why he is so tired, he admits to working nonstop for the last 24 hours. He says that he works these marathon shifts many times a month. |
15 June 2007 |
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In the upper reaches of what was ancient Mesopotamia, archaeologists digging in Syria have found new evidence of how one of the world’s earliest cities met a violent end by fire, collapsing walls and roofs, and a fierce rain of clay bullets. The battle left some of the oldest known ruins of organized warfare. |
14 June 2007 |
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In the University of Chicago's 'King Lab'' there are no beakers or Bunsen burners. A leather couch, an ottoman, a TV. Not a bad place to kick back and have a drink. That's what happens there, as researchers with the Chicago Social Drinking Project try to crack some of the mysteries of alcohol, in particular why some people binge on booze and others don't. |
14 June 2007 |
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The world overly dependent on one source of energy: fossil fuels. America's security depends on it but needs to find a new path and fast. |
14 June 2007 |
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A multi-center research team in The Lancet reports that sustained treatment with the monoclonal antibody infliximab can prolong remissions in patients with moderate to severe Crohn's disease. |
14 June 2007 |
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University of Chicago research suggests you may be right in thinking the people you talk to every day often don’t express themselves well. University of Chicago psychologists Boaz Keysar and Anne S. Henly have found that most people seriously overestimate their ability to communicate effectively, even when dealing with information they know to be ambiguous. 'When it comes to communication, people overestimate their skill,' Keysar said. |
14 June 2007 |
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Researchers at the University of Chicago have found that women prefer the scent of some men over other men because of genes they have inherited from their fathers. This is the first time scientists have demonstrated that people can actually inherit preferences, said Martha K. McClintock, the David Lee Shillinglaw Distinguished Service Professor in Psychology at the University, and the co-author of a paper that will be published in the journal Nature Genetics. |
14 June 2007 |
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A research team from the University of Chicago's Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research reports that a ginseng berry extract shows real promise in treating diabetes and obesity. In the June issue of the journal Diabetes, they show that the extract completely normalized blood glucose levels, improved sensitivity to insulin, lowered cholesterol levels, and decreased weight by reducing appetite and increasing activity levels in mice bred to develop diabetes. |
13 June 20 |
