RERTR PROGRAM REDUCES USE OF ENRICHED URANIUM IN RESEARCH REACTORS WORLDWIDE

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RERTR PROGRAM REDUCES USE OF ENRICHED URANIUM IN RESEARCH REACTORS WORLDWIDE
05 March 2007 - DOE/Argonne National Laboratory

Argonne National Laboratory provides overall technical integration for the Reduced Enrichment for Research and Test Reactors program, managed by the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration to convert research and test reactors across the globe to low enriched uranium fuel, a material that cannot be diverted for direct use in nuclear weapons.

The program's primary objective, said Jordi Roglans-Ribas of Argonne's Nuclear Engineering Division, “is to develop the technology to minimize and, to the extent possible, eventually eliminate the use of highly enriched uranium in civilian nuclear applications worldwide.” Roglans-Ribas manages the the RERTR program at Argonne.

Initiated in 1978, the RERTR program has long relied on Argonne's skills as a world leader in designing reactors and developing nuclear fuel. The RERTR program has provided alternative fuel technology to foreign countries in exchange for their pledge to forgo using HEU fuel in their research reactors. Argonne performs the technical integration management of the program for DOE and works closely with the Department of State, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and international organizations such as the International Atomic Energy Agency.

There are more than 150 research reactors around the world that still use HEU fuel. Research reactors have been built at universities and national research centers in the United States and other countries, including Kazakhstan, China, Russia, Ghana, Libya and the Netherlands. These small reactors play a vital role by providing neutrons for basic research, nuclear fuel testing, cancer therapy, medical isotope production and improved pharmaceuticals.

“It is important to ensure that research reactors can continue to perform these very important functions while provisions are made to avoid the dangers of nuclear proliferation,” Roglans-Ribas said.

Fuel facts
Argonne developed higher density LEU fuel that replaces the HEU fuel in research reactors. The LEU fuel uses four times the amount of uranium, but the increase is in uranium-238. The resulting LEU fuel, unlike the HEU, would be very difficult to use in bombs. These fuels are suitable for the conversion of a significant number of reactors. The program continues to develop higher density fuels, a joint effort by Argonne and the Idaho National Laboratory, to enable the conversion of additional research rectors to LEU fuels.

Since the RERTR program began, 43 HEU reactors in 23 countries from Argentina to Turkey have been modified to run on LEU or are currently operating with a mixed load of HEU and LEU fuel. The program develops the appropriate LEU fuels and provides analysis support, technical expertise and oversight during conversion. The recipient country generally bears the conversion costs, but under the Global Threat Reduction Initiative, NNSA is developing a system of incentives to encourage conversion.

Another 66 reactors are prime candidates for conversion from HEU to LEU fuel.

Finesse, not just fuel
The RERTR program involves much more than computer analysis, fuel research and installation; it takes a lot of work to convince researchers that LEU fuel is essentially as good as HEU and much safer for the world. And working with some countries can be difficult.

The RERTR program celebrated a major victory when Libya announced its intention to adhere to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty and convert its two research reactors to LEU fuel. Libya pledged to “eliminate all materials, equipment and programs leading to the production of internationally proscribed weapons, including nuclear weapons,” according to the International Atomic Energy Agency.

The IAEA, the United Nations' nuclear watchdog agency, will inspect Libya's reactors twice a year to verify compliance. By accepting RERTR's terms, Libya can use its nuclear research reactors for peaceful purposes while assuring the international community it is not seeking to acquire nuclear weapon capabilities.

Future focus
Now that RERTR is a key program in the NNSA's Global Threat Reduction Initiative, Argonne researchers hope to support GTRI efforts to quicken the pace of reactor conversions. RERTR's future is busy. Researchers will :

Collaborate with Russian organizations to convert Russian-supplied research reactors in other countries,
Support U.S. universities to convert their reactors,
Develop advanced fuel to convert reactors that cannot use currently qualified LEU fuel, and
Demonstrate the use of LEU targets to produce molybdenum-99 for medical applications.

http://www.anl.gov

About: DOE/Argonne National Laboratory
Argonne National Laboratory is one of the US Department of Energy's largest research centres. It is also the nation's first national laboratory, chartered in 1946.

Argonne is a direct descendant of the University of Chicago's Metallurgical Laboratory, part of the World War Two Manhattan Project. After the war, Argonne was given the mission of developing nuclear reactors for peaceful purposes. Over the years, Argonne's research expanded to include many other areas of science, engineering and technology.

Today, the laboratory has about 4000 employees, including about 1200 scientists and engineers, of whom about 700 hold doctorate degrees.

Argonne occupies two sites. The Illinois site is surrounded by forest preserve about 25 miles southwest of Chicago's Loop. About 3200 of Argonne's 4000 employees work on the site's 1500 wooded acres. The site also houses the US Department of Energy's Chicago Operations Office.

Argonne-West occupies about 900 acres about 50 miles west of Idaho Falls in the Snake River Valley. It is the home of most of Argonne's major nuclear reactor research facilities. About 800 of Argonne's employees work there.

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