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ANCIENT PLANT PROVIDES CLUES TO EVOLUTIONARY MYSTERY
William Friedman, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Colorado at Boulder, used a combination of laser, fluorescence and electron microscope images to discern that a structure that houses the Amborella egg is different from any other flowering plant and is reminiscent of more ancient plant lineages. Friedman's study appears in the May 18 issue of Nature. Land plants first appeared on Earth some 450 million years ago. These early plants flourished for about 300 million years and reproduced in many ways, including through the use of cones, like today's conifers, but they did not produce flowers. Flowering plants first appeared about 130 million years ago and quickly came to share and then dominate the landscape. Today, scientists have catalogued about 300,000 species of flowering plants living on Earth. Understanding their rapid appearance and rise to dominance has perplexed scientists ever since Charles Darwin first referred to it as an "abominable mystery" 130 years ago. Friedman has worked for years to solve the mystery by studying the reproductive structures and processes of living and extinct plants. Results show the reproductive structures of Amborella are true flowers, have a unique embryo sac, and provide an anatomical bridge between the structures seen for cone-bearing and flower-bearing plants. The species is found in rain forests of New Caledonia, east of Australia. William Winner, the National Science Foundation program manager who oversees Friedman's research said, "By studying this ancient plant species in the context of its relatives, both living and extinct, Friedman is clarifying the basic elements of evolutionary theory. This study has provided another clue to solve Darwin's mystery."
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