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Fragments of cosmic rays find potential role in homeland security |
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National Laboratory
: 09 June, 2007 |
Cosmic particles could someday lead to the detection of smuggled nuclear materials, according to researchers at Los Alamos National Laboratory.
In a paper appearing in Nature magazine, (vol. 422, p. 277), a team of Los Alamos National Laboratory astrophysicists and physicists notes that in both laboratory experiments and corresponding computer simulations, dense materials such as uranium can be detected and imaged by tracking the paths of muons as they pass through the target materials. |
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Creating fusion energy in a soda can |
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National Laboratory
: 09 June, 2007 |
Scientists at the Department of Energy's Los Alamos National Laboratory and the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory in Albuquerque, N.M., are investigating a way to create fusion energy in a cylinder roughly the size of a soda can. |
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Researchers demonstrate ultra-secure, long-distance quantum key distribution |
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National Laboratory
: 09 June, 2007 |
Los Alamos National Laboratory and the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Boulder have demonstrated unconditionally secure quantum key distribution over a record-setting 107 kilometers of optical fiber. The work is a significant step towards enabling communication with an unprecedented level of security over long distances of optical fiber. |
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Experiment may resolve mystery of high-energy cosmic rays |
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University
: 09 June, 2007 |
A strange source from beyond the galaxy periodically zaps Earth with high-energy cosmic rays from all directions. So far, the two leading experiments devoted to the detection and understanding of these rays have yielded contradictory results. |
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Concept of extra dimensions showing signs of scientific revolution |
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University
: 09 June, 2007 |
According to a panel of experts, the concept of extra dimensions, dismissed as nonsense even by one of its earliest proponents nearly nine decades ago, may soon help solve seemingly unrelated problems in particle physics, cosmology and gravitational physics. |
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Los Alamos high-temperature superconducting tape licensed |
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National Laboratory
: 08 June, 2007 |
Department of Energy's Los Alamos National Laboratory has licensed patents and applications related to its technology for manufacturing high-temperature superconducting tape to IGC-SuperPower of Latham, N.Y., a wholly owned subsidiary of Intermagnetics General Corp. |
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Muon detector could thwart nuclear smugglers |
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National Laboratory
: 08 June, 2007 |
Trillions of cosmic rays that constantly bombard Earth could help catch smugglers trying to bring nuclear weapons or materials into the United States.
Los Alamos National Laboratory scientists have developed a detector that can see through lead or other heavy shielding in truck trailers or cargo containers to detect uranium, plutonium or other dense materials. |
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Unsuspected cause for asthma-inducing ground-level ozone pinpointed |
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University
: 08 June, 2007 |
The four panels in this figure show four estimates of atmospheric pressure that is characteristic during times of elevated ground-level ozone in the state of Illinois. The figure shows that during times of elevated ground-level ozone, more often than not there will be a high-pressure dome (the reddish area in panel C) centered over southeast Canada. Under elevated ground-level ozone conditions, the normal surface westerlies (west-to-east winds) are weakened or stopped altogether, accompanied by weaker than usual surface southerlies and weaker than usual northerlies at altitudes of eight to nine miles. |
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New sticky force that binds proteins could lead to better drug design |
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University
: 08 June, 2007 |
Scientists at University of Chicago have discovered a new sticky force that binds together proteins, the stuff of which life is made. The discovery may lead to a more effective design of drugs that prevent harmful proteins from attaching to one another. |
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Motors of light to power small electronic devices |
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University
: 08 June, 2007 |
Physicists at the University of Chicago have successfully measured the angular momentum carried by tiny rings of light called optical vortices, an important step in harnessing their energy to power microelectromechanical Systems. University of Chicago Physics Professor David Grier and a former Ph.D. student, Jennifer Curtis, now a researcher at the University of Heidelberg in Germany, will present their data in the next issue of Physical Review Letters. |
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Los Alamos National Laboratory to provide electrical characterization for novel energy project |
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National Laboratory
: 07 June, 2007 |
Scientists at the Department of Energy's Los Alamos National Laboratory will be providing special electrical characterization of components used in the first high temperature superconducting transformer installed in a U.S. electric utility network, as partners in a project that could improve the way electrical energy is delivered in America. |
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Los Alamos National Laboratory's Atlas machine begins experimental work |
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National Laboratory
: 07 June, 2007 |
Researchers at the Department of Energy's Los Alamos National Laboratory performed the first liner implosion shot on the Atlas pulsed power facility recently. This successful experiment demonstrated that the Atlas facility is ready to support the Laboratory's research work relating to the certification of the nuclear weapons stockpile. |
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Los Alamos National Laboratory researcher presents bright idea |
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National Laboratory
: 07 June, 2007 |
Scientists from the U.S. Department of Energy's Los Alamos National Laboratory are exploring methods for creating more electrically efficient organic light-emitting diodes, technology that could be used to create energy-efficient panels of light for use in buildings or homes. |
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Carnivorous dinosaur identified from fossil bones in India |
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University
: 07 June, 2007 |
American and Indian scientists, working with support from the National Geographic Society have identified a stocky, carnivorous dinosaur with an unusual head crest from bones collected in India. The scientists have named the animal Rajasaurus narmadensis. |
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Tiny particles in the air found to have large impact on infant health |
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University
: 07 June, 2007 |
According to new research published by a University of Chicago economist specializing in environmental regulation and his colleague at the University of California, Berkeley, pollution particles probably have a greater impact on infant health than has previously been realized. |
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Los Alamos National Laboratory advances the art and science of aerogels |
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National Laboratory
: 06 June, 2007 |
University of California researchers working at Los Alamos National Laboratory have recently demonstrated a novel method for chemically modifying and enhancing silica-based aerogels without sacrificing the aerogels unique properties. Aerogels are low-density, transparent materials used in a wide range of applications, including thermal insulation, porous separation media, inertial confinement fusion experiments and cometary dust capture agents. |
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Scientists explore complex nature of superconductivity |
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National Laboratory
: 06 June, 2007 |
Researchers from the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory at Los Alamos National Laboratory believe they have discovered evidence to support leading theories about the underlying mechanism of high-temperature superconductivity. Through research in high magnetic fields, they hope to have made one more step toward a complete understanding of this complex phenomenon. |
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University of Chicago research shows sexual orientation among men is connected with brain metabolism |
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University
: 06 June, 2007 |
University of Chicago researchers have shown for the first time that strong sexual orientation among men appears to be connected with brain metabolism.
The researchers report on a study that shows differences between exclusively homosexual and exclusively heterosexual men in glucose metabolism in the hypothalamus and other brain areas following the administration of fluoxetine, a drug commonly called Prozac. |
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Hidden epidemic of chlamydia identified in China |
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University
: 06 June, 2007 |
According to a study by researchers in China, the University of Chicago and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, China has a large, undetected epidemic of the sexually transmitted disease chlamydia, which typically does not have symptoms and has not been recorded in official health statistics. |
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Way to block growth of prostate cancer cells discovered by scientists |
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Professional Society
: 06 June, 2007 |
A specific biochemical pathway by which the sex hormone, androgen, increases levels of harmful chemicals called reactive oxygen species in the prostate gland that play a role in the development of prostate cancer has been discovered by scientists for the first time . They found that a drug that blocks this pathway significantly prolonged survival and inhibited tumour development in mice that were genetically engineered to spontaneously develop prostate cancer and die of the disease. |
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World record length carbon nanotube |
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National Laboratory
: 05 June, 2007 |
Chemists from Duke University in collaboration with University of California scientists working at Los Alamos National Laboratory have recently grown a world record-length four-centimeter-long, single-wall carbon nanotube. |
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Superconducting coated conductors in magnetic field environments |
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National Laboratory
: 05 June, 2007 |
Scientists at University of California's Los Alamos National Laboratory with a researcher from the University of Cambridge have demonstrated a simple and industrially scaleable method for improving the current densities of superconducting coated conductors in magnetic field environments. |
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Studying the noisy nature of atoms |
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National Laboratory
: 05 June, 2007 |
Scientists at University of California's Los Alamos National Laboratory have demonstrated a way to use the random fluctuations that exist naturally in all magnetic systems to perform magnetic resonance studies without disturbing the system's natural state. |
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Pterosaur fossils found in the Sahara by Paleontologists |
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University
: 05 June, 2007 |
Paul Sereno, a paleontologist at University of Chicago, examines the teeth and jaws of a model of a new species of pterosaur discovered in the southern Sahara. The pterosaur model was created by paleoartist Gary Staab of Golden, Colo. |
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Monkeys' behaviour may be more the result of nature than nurture |
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University
: 05 June, 2007 |
An experiment with monkeys, by the University of Chicago, who were switched between mothers soon after birth has demonstrated the importance of nature over nurture in behavior. Baby monkeys reared by a mother other than their own are more likely to exhibit the aggressive or friendly behavior of their birth mothers rather than the behavior of their foster mothers. |
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Embryonic stem cell vaccinations prevent lung cancer in mice |
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Professional Society
: 05 June, 2007 |
American researchers have found that vaccinating mice with embryonic stem cells prevented lung cancer in those animals that had cancer cells transplanted into them after the vaccination or that had been exposed to cancer-causing chemicals. |
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Putting the squeeze on electron spins |
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National Laboratory
: 04 June, 2007 |
Scientists at University of California's Los Alamos National Laboratory have found a novel method for controlling and measuring electron spins in semiconductor crystals of GaAs (gallium arsenide). The work suggests an alternative, and perhaps even better, way of spin manipulation for future generations of 'semiconductor spintronic' devices. |
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Scientists bridge superconductivity gap |
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National Laboratory
: 04 June, 2007 |
Researchers at University of California's Los Alamos National Laboratory working with a researcher from Chonnam National University in South Korea have discovered that magnetic fluctuations appear to be responsible for superconductivity in a compound called plutonium-cobalt-pentagallium. |
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Atomic mysteries of ancient pigment explored by scientists |
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National Laboratory
: 04 June, 2007 |
Scientists from the University of California's National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Pulsed Field Facility at Los Alamos National Laboratory, working with colleagues from Tokyo Metropolitan University, the University of Buenos Aires in Argentina, the National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics in Estonia, the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory in Tallahassee, Florida and the University of Tokyo, have found an ideal candidate for Bose-Einstein condensation in the ancient Chinese pigment, Han Purple. |
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First map of ice on Mars |
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National Laboratory
: 03 June, 2007 |
Bill Feldman, a Los Alamos National Laboratory scientist, says lurking just beneath the surface of Mars is enough water to cover the entire planet ankle-deep.
Feldman released the first global map of hydrogen distribution identified by instruments aboard NASA's Mars Odyssey spacecraft and offered initial minimum estimates of the total amount of water stored near the Martian surface. His presentation came at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Denver. |
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Neutralizing the world's most deadly killers |
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National Laboratory
: 03 June, 2007 |
The Department of Energy's Los Alamos National Laboratory scientists have developed a method for neutralizing some of the world's most deadly killers, chemical and biological warfare agents. Using a newly developed Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet, workers can quickly decontaminate areas tainted with chemical or biological weapons. The process uses electrically charged helium and oxygen gas to create a chemically reactive spray that destroys killer agents on contact. |
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Hidden magnetism in superconductivity |
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National Laboratory
: 03 June, 2007 |
Researchers at Los Alamos National Laboratory and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have discovered, while studying a compound made of the elements cerium- rhodium-indium, that a magnetic state can coexist with superconductivity in a specific temperature and pressure range. |
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Cause for what makes good cell go bad sought by scientists |
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University
: 03 June, 2007 |
University of Chicago research may help explain why identical cellular twins will follow different cell fates despite being exposed to the same environment. Genetic mutations, sudden, random and usually harmful changes to the structure of a gene, are only one factor that determines the ultimate fate of a cell. Chicago scientists have discovered that a non-genetic molecular process also can play a role, and that experimenters can influence this process in bacteria, they report in the journal Nature. |
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Diptheria toxin and interleukin 2 help immune system kill melanoma in humans |
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Professional Society
: 03 June, 2007 |
Researchers who are studying ways of prompting the immune system to recognise and kill tumour cells have found that a drug containing parts of the diptheria toxin appears to work well in patients with advanced melanoma (skin cancer). In the first part of a phase II clinical trial to test the drug denileukin diftitox, also known as DAB(389)IL2 or ONTAK, in melanoma five out of seven patients with stage IV disease experienced significant regression or stabilisation of both tumours and metastases. The two other patients in whom the disease progressed were on a lower dose of the drug. All the patients are still alive after one year. |
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